2024届高考英语一轮专项语法训练:《定语从句》

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2024届高考英语一轮专项语法训练:《定语从句》

  定语从句

   关系代词的用法

  1.(2024·湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.

  A.whomB.who

  C.what D.which

  解析: 句意为:幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。本题考查定语从句。先行词为those,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且表示“人”,故选B项。

  答案: B

  2.(2024·山东卷) Finally he reached a lonely island________was

  completely cut off from the outside world.

  A.when

  B.where

  C.which D.whom

  解析: 句意为:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。本题考查定语从句。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词表示“物”。

  答案: C

  3.(2011·山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________ are built close to each other.

  A.they B.where

  C.what D.that

  解析: 考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses,在从句中作主语。句意为:这座古老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子挨得很近。

  答案: D

   关系副词的用法

  4.(2024·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.

  A.when

  B.which

  C.whose D.where

  解析: 句意为:很多国家现在都在建立国家公园,在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。本题考查定语从句。先行词为national parks,代入从句中为:In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.应该使用表示地点的关系副词,故选D项。

  答案: D

  5.(2024·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________visitors can watch the big

  glasshouses being built.

  A.what

  B.where

  C.when

  D.why

  解析: 句意为:博物馆将在春天开放,届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室。本题考查定语从句。先行词为platform,代入定语从句后为:Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platform.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where。

  答案: B

  6.(2011·江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________the audience can buy ice­cream.

  A.when B.where

  C.that D.which

  解析: 考查定语从句。本题的先行词是interval,意思是“休息时间”,表示时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此选择关系副词when。

  答案: A

   “介词+关系代词”的用法

  7.(2024·浙江卷)The children,________had played the whole day long,were worn out.

  A.all of what

  B.all of which

  C.all of them

  D.all of whom

  解析: 句意为:孩子们因为玩了一整天,都已经精疲力尽了。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词为the children,将先行词代入定语从句后为:All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语,且先行词表示“人”,故只能用all of whom。

  答案: D

  8.(2011·江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction________had taken more than three years.

  A.for which B.with which

  C.of which D.to which

  解析: 句意为:她带领游客参观了这个博物馆,建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。本题考查非限制性定语从句。由于本题中两个分句之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其中先行词是the museum和construction之间具有所属关系,所以应该用介词of。

  答案: C

   as与which的用法

  9.(2024·新课标卷Ⅰ)“You can’t judge a book by its

  cover,” ________.

  A.as the saying goes old

  B.goes as the old saying

  C.as the old saying goes

  D.goes as old the saying

  解析: 句意为:正如古训所说“人不可貌相,海水不可斗量”。本题考查定语从句,先行词为前面一句话。先行词在定语从句中作宾语,故选C项。go在此处意为“说”,相当于say,用作及物动词。

  答案: C

  10.(2024·天津卷)We have launched another man­made satellite,________is announced in today’s newspaper.

  A.that B.which

  C.who

  D.what

  解析: 句意为:我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。首先排除A项,因that不能引导非限制性定语从句;先行词为前面一句话,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且表示“事物”,故用which引导。who只用于指人;what不能引导定语从句。

  答案: B

  11.(2024·山东卷)There is no simple answer,________is often the case in science.

  A.as

  B.that

  C.when

  D.where

  解析: 句意为:科学往往如此,它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号,故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语,排除C、D两项;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

  答案: A

   分隔式/分离式/干扰式定语从句

  12.(2024·江苏卷) The president of the World Bank says he has a

  passion for China,________he remembers starting as early as his

  childhood.

  A.where

  B.which

  C.what

  D.when

  解析: 句意为:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。本题考查定语从句。先行词是a passion for China,在定语从句中作start的宾语,要用关系代词,所以选B项。

  答案: B

  13.(2024·浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,________,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.

  A.which B.who

  C.where D.whom

  解析: 句意为:埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家,出于某种原因,他已退出了所有的社会活动。for some reason为插入语,可将其去掉,这时可以注意到该复合句中从句缺少主语。根据从句的语意可确定该从句的主语应是指人的,由此可确定答案。该从句为非限制性定语从句,其先行词为a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生误将 birds 和 nature 作为从句的先行词,从而错选which。

  答案: B

  14.(2011·天津卷)The days are gone________physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

  A.when

  B.that

  C.where

  D.which

  解析: 句意为:“体力是谋生的唯一所需”的时代一去不复返了。本题考查定语从句用法。先行词为the days,将其代入定语从句后为:On the

  days physical strength was all...由此可见先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开,构成了“分割性定语从句”,增加了试题难度。

  答案: A

  1.定语从句中关系词的选择应该遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则。

  2.对于“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,要熟记介词的选择标准。

  3.point,situation,case,stage,occasion等在定语从句中作为先行词时,要正确判断其后是用关系代词还是关系副词。如果引导词在从句中作状语,则用where或when,否则用that或which。我们可以采用补全法,即根据句意把从句补充完整,补上去的部分在从句中所作的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分。

  4.as引导的定语从句通常有比较固定的句式和标志,熟悉其特点,就很容易识别这种定语从句。

  5.分隔式定语从句的干扰性最强,解决这类题目的关键是把分隔部分去掉,并能够正确查找先行词。

  一、关系代词引导的定语从句

  1.that用于下列情况:

  (1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;

  (2)先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;

  (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;

  (4)先行词被the only,the very(正是、恰是),the last修饰;

  (5)先行词中既有人也有物;

  (6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;

  (7)先行词是the way,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。

  He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.

  他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。

  2.whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语。

  (2011·四川高考)The

  school

  shop,whose

  customers

  are

  mainly students,is closed for the holidays.

  这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生,因放假而暂停营业了。

  (2010·北京高考) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

  很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。

  3.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

  (2010·湖南高考)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。

  4.which用于下列情况:

  (1)引导非限制性定语从句;

  (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;

  (3)先行词本身是that时;

  (4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

  (2024·全国卷Ⅱ)That evening,which I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.那天晚上我一直工作到很晚,过后我会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。

  二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

  1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用。

  若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构,whose指人、物皆可。

  (2024·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.

  我希望感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我永远不会走这么远。

  2.考查该结构中介词的选用。

  (1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的意义;从句中的动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。

  (2)表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构:

  ①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前/后可以用of which/whom。

  ②the+比较级或最高级前/后用of which/whom等。

  (2024·重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members.

  约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

  Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which (=whose price) was very reasonable.

  最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。

  注意:(1)from where为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。

  We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.

  我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。

  (2)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定动词短语,在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。

  三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

  1.一般情况下,as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可,而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。

  (2024·安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024,which made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true.莫言被授予2024年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。

  2.当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced,be expected,be known,be reported,be said,be shown等被动式谓语时,常用as引导。

  (2024·福建高考)The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.

  正如报告所显示的,在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。

  3.as表示整个主句内容时,有时含有“正如;正像”等意思,而which无此意。

  4.在下列固定结构中,关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容,一般不用which。

  as we know众所周知

  as has been said before如前所述

  as is often the case情况常常如此

  四、关系副词引导的定语从句

   当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词(如in,at,on,during等)+which;

  where=表地点的介词(如in,at,on,under等)+which;

  why=表原因的介词(如for)+which。

  关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  (2024 ·新课标卷Ⅱ)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.

  当我到达时,Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。

  The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.

  我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

  注意:(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。

  Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.

  记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。

  She’s in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her.

  她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。

  (2)先行词occasions当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。

  Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。