英语讲义【93】不规则动词的类别
在《混淆的动词形态》一文里谈到某些不规则动词（irregular verbs）的混淆。每个学习英语的人都会在不同阶段或多或少碰到不规则动词所带来的麻烦，特别是在形态拼写方面。
不规则动词里是不是杂乱无序的动词呢？当然不是；实际上是乱中有序、有条不紊的。
首先，不规则动词是针对规则动词而言。
大家知道，规则动词（regular verbs）的过去式（the past form）和过去分词（the past participle）都一样的要加上 -ed/-d，如：
①a. Jason worked until five oclock（过去式）
b. Have you worked late?（过去分词）
②a. Xiao Lin decided to go abroad（过去式）
b. Has his wife decided to join him ?（过去分词）
不规则动词则不然；它们的过去式和过去分词并不一致，学习时要集中精神，一一加以辨别，才可避免错误。
语法学家根据动词原形、过去式、过去分词三形式上的变化，把不规则动词划分为下列类别：
㈠三种形式都相同
第一类的包括下列这些常见动词：
① cut-cut-cut ; ② hurt-hurt-hurt ; ③ put-put-put; ④ shut-shut-shut; ⑤ cost-cost-cost; ⑥burst-burst-burst; ⑦ hit-hit-hit; ⑧ cast-cast-cast; ⑨ set-set-set; ⑩ let-let-let.
例如：
⑴a. Dont go on blowing the balloon! It will burst.
b. One of his car tyres had a nail and it burst.
c. The dog has burst free and ran away.
㈡其中两种形式相同
第二类可分为十一小类；下面是其中常见的四种：
① bind-bound-bound; find-found-found
② bring-brought-brought;
think-thought-thought
③ dig-dug-dug; strike-struck-struck
④ bend-bent-bent; build-built-built
例如：
⑵a. You have to bend your head when you bow.
b The mechanic bent the wire and broke it.
c. Here come the woman bent down with age.
㈢三种形式都不同
第三类可再分为八小类，如下：
① take-took-taken; shake-shook-shaken
② hide-hid-hidden; bite-bit-bitten
③ tear-tore-torn; bear-bore-born/ borne
④ choose-chose-chosen;
speak-spoke-spoken
⑤ know-knew-known; blow-blew-blown
⑥ write-wrote-written; drive-drove-driven
⑦ drink-drank-drunk; begin-began-begun
⑧ show-showed-showed/shown;
swell-swelled/swollen
例如：
⑶a. Can you write down your name?
b. I wrote it there, didnt I?
c. Have you written to John, who is now in New York?
上述例子证明不规则动词的确比规则动词麻烦得多。莫怪有人说，英语动词是所有词类中，最难应付的一种。这话很中肯，毫不夸张。幸好，不规则动词也有迹可寻；就让我们步步追踪吧！
在《混淆的动词形态》一文里谈到某些不规则动词（irregular verbs）的混淆。每个学习英语的人都会在不同阶段或多或少碰到不规则动词所带来的麻烦，特别是在形态拼写方面。
不规则动词里是不是杂乱无序的动词呢？当然不是；实际上是乱中有序、有条不紊的。
首先，不规则动词是针对规则动词而言。
大家知道，规则动词（regular verbs）的过去式（the past form）和过去分词（the past participle）都一样的要加上 -ed/-d，如：
①a. Jason worked until five oclock（过去式）
b. Have you worked late?（过去分词）
②a. Xiao Lin decided to go abroad（过去式）
b. Has his wife decided to join him ?（过去分词）
不规则动词则不然；它们的过去式和过去分词并不一致，学习时要集中精神，一一加以辨别，才可避免错误。
语法学家根据动词原形、过去式、过去分词三形式上的变化，把不规则动词划分为下列类别：
㈠三种形式都相同
第一类的包括下列这些常见动词：
① cut-cut-cut ; ② hurt-hurt-hurt ; ③ put-put-put; ④ shut-shut-shut; ⑤ cost-cost-cost; ⑥burst-burst-burst; ⑦ hit-hit-hit; ⑧ cast-cast-cast; ⑨ set-set-set; ⑩ let-let-let.
例如：
⑴a. Dont go on blowing the balloon! It will burst.
b. One of his car tyres had a nail and it burst.
c. The dog has burst free and ran away.
㈡其中两种形式相同
第二类可分为十一小类；下面是其中常见的四种：
① bind-bound-bound; find-found-found
② bring-brought-brought;
think-thought-thought
③ dig-dug-dug; strike-struck-struck
④ bend-bent-bent; build-built-built
例如：
⑵a. You have to bend your head when you bow.
b The mechanic bent the wire and broke it.
c. Here come the woman bent down with age.
㈢三种形式都不同
第三类可再分为八小类，如下：
① take-took-taken; shake-shook-shaken
② hide-hid-hidden; bite-bit-bitten
③ tear-tore-torn; bear-bore-born/ borne
④ choose-chose-chosen;
speak-spoke-spoken
⑤ know-knew-known; blow-blew-blown
⑥ write-wrote-written; drive-drove-driven
⑦ drink-drank-drunk; begin-began-begun
⑧ show-showed-showed/shown;
swell-swelled/swollen
例如：
⑶a. Can you write down your name?
b. I wrote it there, didnt I?
c. Have you written to John, who is now in New York?
上述例子证明不规则动词的确比规则动词麻烦得多。莫怪有人说，英语动词是所有词类中，最难应付的一种。这话很中肯，毫不夸张。幸好，不规则动词也有迹可寻；就让我们步步追踪吧！
