高中英语语法-重难点词语精析

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高中英语语法-重难点词语精析

  重难点词语精析

    一、常用词语

    1. exercise 意为习题;(书面)练习时为可数名词。例如:

    Study the lesson, and then do the exercises at the end.

    学课文,然后做后面的练习。

    exercise 还可表示(体育或器官)运动;活动;锻炼,笼统指运动时为不可数名词;指具体某项运动时为可数名词。例如:

    If you don't take / get more exercise, you'll get fat.

    你不多锻炼就会发胖。

    gymnastic exercises 体操运动

    breathing exercises 呼吸运动

    2. cover 意为盖,遮盖;采访,报道。例如:

    The ruins were soon covered by thick forests.

    废墟很快被茂密的树林所覆盖。

    Reporters are then sent to cover the events.

    然后记者被派去采访这个事件。

    试体会 cover 在不同语境中的词义变化:

    He covers 5 kilometers an hour.

    他每小时行走 5 公里。

    How many pages have you covered?

    你已读完 / 讲完 / 学完多少页了?

    The temple covers an area of 2,000 square meters.

    这座庙宇的面积有 2000 平方米。

    3. stop + sb + ( from ) doing 和 prevent + sb + ( from ) doing 意为阻止某人做某事,口语中常可省略 from ,但接被动形式时 from 不可省。例如:

    There was nothing to stop / prevent him ( from ) going abroad.

    (= There was nothing to stop / prevent his going abroad. )

    没有什么事情可以阻止他出国。

    Who stops / prevents his plan from being carried out?

    是谁妨碍他执行计划?

    另外, protect+ 宾+ from / against 还可表示保护。例如:

    Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water for ever.

    最后,另一种材料被涂到石头上,这将永远阻止水对石头的侵害。

    4. apologize ( to sb ) for doing sth 意为因做某事向某人道歉。相似的表达还有: thank /excuse / pardon / praise / for doing sth. 例如:

    He apologize to me for stepping on my foot.

    他为踩到我的脚而向我道歉。

    5. devote to 意为把奉献 / 用于, devote 后可接表时间、精力等的名词; to 在此为介词,其后接名词、宾格代词和动名词,类似的有 refer to, pay attention to, stick to, get down to, attend to, see to 等。如:

    She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.

    少女时代她热衷于网球。

    He devoted his whole life to protecting the wild animals.

    他一生致力于保护野生动物。

    二、常用句型

    1. do / does / did +动词原形结构可以用来加强语气。例如:

    And in the end he did land us safe.

    最后他的确让我们安全登陆了。

    Do be on time!

    务必准时!

    2. It is / was ( high ) time 意为该做某事了 / 到了该做某事的时候了,此结构要使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或 should + 动词原形形式。例如:

    It is time that we got ready for the final examination.

    该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。

    It is time that we went / should go.

    我们该走了。

  重难点词语精析

    一、常用词语

    1. exercise 意为习题;(书面)练习时为可数名词。例如:

    Study the lesson, and then do the exercises at the end.

    学课文,然后做后面的练习。

    exercise 还可表示(体育或器官)运动;活动;锻炼,笼统指运动时为不可数名词;指具体某项运动时为可数名词。例如:

    If you don't take / get more exercise, you'll get fat.

    你不多锻炼就会发胖。

    gymnastic exercises 体操运动

    breathing exercises 呼吸运动

    2. cover 意为盖,遮盖;采访,报道。例如:

    The ruins were soon covered by thick forests.

    废墟很快被茂密的树林所覆盖。

    Reporters are then sent to cover the events.

    然后记者被派去采访这个事件。

    试体会 cover 在不同语境中的词义变化:

    He covers 5 kilometers an hour.

    他每小时行走 5 公里。

    How many pages have you covered?

    你已读完 / 讲完 / 学完多少页了?

    The temple covers an area of 2,000 square meters.

    这座庙宇的面积有 2000 平方米。

    3. stop + sb + ( from ) doing 和 prevent + sb + ( from ) doing 意为阻止某人做某事,口语中常可省略 from ,但接被动形式时 from 不可省。例如:

    There was nothing to stop / prevent him ( from ) going abroad.

    (= There was nothing to stop / prevent his going abroad. )

    没有什么事情可以阻止他出国。

    Who stops / prevents his plan from being carried out?

    是谁妨碍他执行计划?

    另外, protect+ 宾+ from / against 还可表示保护。例如:

    Finally another material is painted onto the stones which will protect them from water for ever.

    最后,另一种材料被涂到石头上,这将永远阻止水对石头的侵害。

    4. apologize ( to sb ) for doing sth 意为因做某事向某人道歉。相似的表达还有: thank /excuse / pardon / praise / for doing sth. 例如:

    He apologize to me for stepping on my foot.

    他为踩到我的脚而向我道歉。

    5. devote to 意为把奉献 / 用于, devote 后可接表时间、精力等的名词; to 在此为介词,其后接名词、宾格代词和动名词,类似的有 refer to, pay attention to, stick to, get down to, attend to, see to 等。如:

    She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.

    少女时代她热衷于网球。

    He devoted his whole life to protecting the wild animals.

    他一生致力于保护野生动物。

    二、常用句型

    1. do / does / did +动词原形结构可以用来加强语气。例如:

    And in the end he did land us safe.

    最后他的确让我们安全登陆了。

    Do be on time!

    务必准时!

    2. It is / was ( high ) time 意为该做某事了 / 到了该做某事的时候了,此结构要使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或 should + 动词原形形式。例如:

    It is time that we got ready for the final examination.

    该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。

    It is time that we went / should go.

    我们该走了。