雅思写作:细说英汉写作差异性

雕龙文库 分享 时间: 收藏本文

雅思写作:细说英汉写作差异性

  一、英语多省略,汉语多补充

  例如:①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.

  野心不仅是罪恶的根源,同时也是毁灭的根源。

  ②Reading exercises one Speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.

  阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿,写作训练人的思维。

  ④One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

  在考研英译汉中,省略是一种很常见现象。例如:

  whether...or...是并列连词,or前面省略了不定式to use, and upon中间省了动词depends。

  比较:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.

  译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。

  The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested .

  译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。

  二、英语多长句,汉语多短句

  由于英语是法治的语言,只要结构上没有出现错误,许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反,由于是人治,语义通过字词直接表达,不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因,英语考试中的英译汉题目几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子,而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。

  例如:Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

  译文:人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣,这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战,还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

  英文原句是个典型的长句,由27个词组成,中间没有使用任何标点符号,完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整:less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中,产生兴趣这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达,两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达,整个句子被化整为零。

  三、英语多从句,汉语多分句

  英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长,同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂,而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接,整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句,加上表达结构相对松散,英语句子中的从句翻成汉语时往往成了一些分句。

  例如:On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

  译文:总的来说,得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

  英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词,而且还有that、which之类的关系代词,在长而复杂的句子,为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚,同时避免表达上的重复,英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词,但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短,汉语里不能使用太多的代词,使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。请看下面的例句:

  There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

  译文:届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车,一旦这些汽车污染超标,监测器就会使其停驶。

  四、英语多引申,汉语多推理

  英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.,二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的,而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说,这种活用是词义和用法的引申,翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申,译者就需要进行推理。

  例如:While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

  

  一、英语多省略,汉语多补充

  例如:①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.

  野心不仅是罪恶的根源,同时也是毁灭的根源。

  ②Reading exercises one Speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.

  阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿,写作训练人的思维。

  ④One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

  在考研英译汉中,省略是一种很常见现象。例如:

  whether...or...是并列连词,or前面省略了不定式to use, and upon中间省了动词depends。

  比较:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.

  译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。

  The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested .

  译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。

  二、英语多长句,汉语多短句

  由于英语是法治的语言,只要结构上没有出现错误,许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反,由于是人治,语义通过字词直接表达,不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因,英语考试中的英译汉题目几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子,而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。

  例如:Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

  译文:人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣,这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战,还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

  英文原句是个典型的长句,由27个词组成,中间没有使用任何标点符号,完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整:less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中,产生兴趣这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达,两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达,整个句子被化整为零。

  三、英语多从句,汉语多分句

  英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长,同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂,而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接,整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句,加上表达结构相对松散,英语句子中的从句翻成汉语时往往成了一些分句。

  例如:On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

  译文:总的来说,得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

  英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词,而且还有that、which之类的关系代词,在长而复杂的句子,为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚,同时避免表达上的重复,英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词,但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短,汉语里不能使用太多的代词,使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。请看下面的例句:

  There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

  译文:届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车,一旦这些汽车污染超标,监测器就会使其停驶。

  四、英语多引申,汉语多推理

  英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.,二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的,而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说,这种活用是词义和用法的引申,翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申,译者就需要进行推理。

  例如:While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.