2024届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第3讲
国籍、产地 材料、用途 被修饰的名词 Chinese stone bridge 中国最古老的漂亮的小石桥 cotton shirt 他的新的灰色棉衬衫 memorial envelopes 所有的蓝色纪念封 plastic bags 10个结实的黑色塑料袋 French
skirt 如此漂亮的红色法式女裙 wooden table 第三张褐色圆木桌 Russian men 这两位身材高大的俄罗斯老人 特别提醒： 1.若有两个或两个以上的颜色形容词修饰同一个名词，须用and连接，例如：a black and white dress一条黑白相间的裙子，a red，green and yellow flag一面红、绿、黄三色相间的旗子。 2.多个形容词并列时往往短词在前，长词在后，其间一般不加逗号，有时为了强调同等重要可加逗号。 二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况 当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时 I have something important to tell you. 当“形容词＋介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 当两个意义相近或相反的形容词用both...and...，and，or或but连接在一起作定语时 The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive. 形容词如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面 The baby still asleep might be awake very soon. 当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时 The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep. 三、表语形容词 表语形容词(如：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。 常见表语形容词如下： 表示健康方面的词：well，unwell，ill，faint He is ill. He feels faint. sorry，glad，fond，sure，worth，mistaken等 I am glad that you are fond of the subject. 大多以字母a开头的形容词：afraid，alive，asleep，awake，ashamed，alone，alike，ahead等 The baby is asleep now. 四、形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。说明主语所处的状态，并不表达动作的方式。 He went to bed，cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。 He lay in bed，wide awake. 他醒着躺在床上。 He returned home，safe and sound. 他回到了家，安然无恙。 He is standing there，full of fear. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。 Ⅱ.副词 一、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“－ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义大不相同，应加以分辨。 close接近(指距离)—closely仔细地，密切地 free免费—freely自由地，自如地 deep深—deeply深刻地，深入地，深深地 hard努力—hardly几乎不 wide宽阔—widely广泛地 high高—highly高度地 late晚，迟—lately近来 near邻近—nearly几乎 most最—mostly主要地，绝大多数地 firm稳固地—firmly坚固地 Deep in thought，he didn’t notice me. 陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。 He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。 二、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 Obviously，your answer is absolutely wrong. 很显然，你的答案绝对错了。 Naturally，you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 自然，你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 三、can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。 You can not be careful enough/too careful to study. 在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。 —Mary，look，what did I find? ——玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？ —Oh，my lost key？I can’t thank you too much.(＝I can’t thank you much enough.) ——噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。 Ⅲ.形容词和副词比较级的用法 一、平级比较 句型 典句示例 用as...as...；not as/so...as...；the same as...；such...as...引导 Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)． ＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)． ＝Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is)． He has as many as 2,000 books. Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. His name is the same as his father’s(name)． It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 句型 典句示例 as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词，但表示强调 The building is as tall as 100 meters. ＝The building is 100 meters tall. The well is as deep as 130 meters. ＝The well is 130 meters deep.
The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 句型 典句示例 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语 英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语，它们是：as long as只要；as far as远至，到……程度；as soon as一……就……；as well as既……又……；as good as(＝very nearly)与……几乎一样，几乎，简直 I will work as(so)long as I live. As far as I know，he is a reliable person. He has experience as well as knowledge. He as good as called me a coward. 二、比较级 句型 典句示例 “比较级＋than”表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况 You look much younger than I do.
She doesn’t work harder than you(do)． less than...意为“少于……”。 It cost Tom less than five dollars. not less than...意为“不少于……，至少……”。 He is not less than 80 years old. no less than...意为“多达……，有……之多”，表示数量之多。 No less than a thousand people came. no less...than...意为“同……一样……”。 English is no less important than maths. not less...than...意为“在……方面不亚于……”。 English is not less important than maths. 句型 典句示例 more than...意为“非常”“很”；“多于……；不止；不只是……”。 She is more than selfish.(more than 表示“非常”，多与形容词连用) more...than...意为“与其说……，不如说……”。 She is more thoughtless than stupid. not more than...意为“不超过……，不多于……”。 I have not more than ten books in my bag. no more than...意为“仅仅，不过，只不过”，强调数量少。 I have no more than ten books in my bag. not more...than...意为“不比……更……”。 Tom isn’t more clever than Jim. no more...than...意为“和……一样不……”。 Tom is no more clever than Jim. 句型 典句示例 “比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”。 As summer is coming，the day is becoming longer and longer. “the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”意为“越……就越……”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. “the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. “not＋比较级＋than”表示“不像……那样”；“不如……”。 She is not more generous than her younger sister. “no＋比较级＋than”表示“和……一样不”(否定二者)。 This book is no more interesting than that one. 用介词by表示相差的程度。 She is taller than I by three inches. ＝She is three inches taller than I． I missed the last train by one minute 特别提醒：比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。 The students study even harder than before. A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
三、使用比较级应注意的问题 1．比较的范围 如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。 China is larger than any other country /any of the other countries in Asia.(包含在比较的范围内)中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa.(不包含在比较的范围内)中国比非洲任何国家都大。 2．比较的对象要一致 相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较 The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that) The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这里的气候比上海的温暖。 The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory. 我们工厂生产的收音机比你们厂的好。 China has a larger population than any other country in the world.中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家都多。 3．注意比较结构中的省略现象 由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较对象往往省略 —What do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样？ —I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film)我从未看过比这部更好的电影。 Tom’s composition，if not better(后边省略了than Jack’s)，is at least as good as Jack’s.汤姆的作文，如果不比杰克的好，也至少和他的作文一样好。 4．下列情况用to不用than： be prior to早于，较重要于 be superior to优于，高于 be inferior to次于 be senior to年长于，地位高于 be junior to地位低于，比……年纪小 The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己的数学比约翰的强。 These apples are inferior in flavour to those. 这些苹果的味道不如那些。 He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。
Ⅳ.形容词、副词最高级的用法 1．most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。 This is a most interesting story. 这是一个很有趣的故事。 2．最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。 Of all the students，Jack’s oral English is almost the best. 在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。 3．否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。 4．主语＋否定式谓语(含not或never)＋比较级。 It can’t be worse.(＝It’s the worst thing I’ve ever known.) 这是我知道的最糟糕的事情。 5．No other＋单数名词/No one/None/Nobody＋比较级＋than...。 No other student in the class is taller than he. 他是班里最高的同学。
Ⅴ.表示倍数的句型 1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B 2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B 3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B 4．A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B 5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 如：他的收入是她的三倍。 He earns twice more than her. He earns three times as much as her. He earns three times the money that she does. The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns three times what she does. The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. ＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
Ⅵ.有些连词也可以作副词，但作副词时，常放在句末如：though，(ever)since，in case等。如： She promised to phone.I heard nothing，though. ＝Though she promised to phone，I heard nothing. 她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。 He is old.He works hard，though. ＝Though he is old，he works hard. 他虽然年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since. ＝He has been working in this school since he came here in 1988. 1988年他来到了这个学校。自那时起，他一直在这里工作。 I don’t think it will rain，but I will take my umbrella，just in case. ＝I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain. 我想不会下雨，但我要把我的伞带上，以防万一。
谢谢观看！ 第三讲
形容词和副词 Ⅰ.形容词 一、形容词作前置定语 形容词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词前，当几个形容词与其他限定词共同修饰一个名词时，一般按照以下顺序排列： 限定词(these，those...)＋数量形容词(three)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk)。 记准下面的口诀： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。
all，both，such等 冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词 品质、特性等 大小、长短、高低 形态、形状 年龄、新旧、颜色 the pretty
little oldest his new grey all the blue ten strong black such a pretty long red the third round brown both the tall old 形容词和副词含义丰富，高考对形容词和副词的考查形式也越来越灵活。对形容词的考查主要集中在形容词辨析、形容词比较级和最高级的运用、形容词的排序问题、形容词的倍数表达法、形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。对于副词的考查重点仍然是集中在副词辨析、副词比较级和最高级的运用以及副词作状语等。
国籍、产地 材料、用途 被修饰的名词 Chinese stone bridge 中国最古老的漂亮的小石桥 cotton shirt 他的新的灰色棉衬衫 memorial envelopes 所有的蓝色纪念封 plastic bags 10个结实的黑色塑料袋 French
skirt 如此漂亮的红色法式女裙 wooden table 第三张褐色圆木桌 Russian men 这两位身材高大的俄罗斯老人 特别提醒： 1.若有两个或两个以上的颜色形容词修饰同一个名词，须用and连接，例如：a black and white dress一条黑白相间的裙子，a red，green and yellow flag一面红、绿、黄三色相间的旗子。 2.多个形容词并列时往往短词在前，长词在后，其间一般不加逗号，有时为了强调同等重要可加逗号。 二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况 当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时 I have something important to tell you. 当“形容词＋介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 当两个意义相近或相反的形容词用both...and...，and，or或but连接在一起作定语时 The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive. 形容词如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面 The baby still asleep might be awake very soon. 当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时 The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep. 三、表语形容词 表语形容词(如：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。 常见表语形容词如下： 表示健康方面的词：well，unwell，ill，faint He is ill. He feels faint. sorry，glad，fond，sure，worth，mistaken等 I am glad that you are fond of the subject. 大多以字母a开头的形容词：afraid，alive，asleep，awake，ashamed，alone，alike，ahead等 The baby is asleep now. 四、形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。说明主语所处的状态，并不表达动作的方式。 He went to bed，cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。 He lay in bed，wide awake. 他醒着躺在床上。 He returned home，safe and sound. 他回到了家，安然无恙。 He is standing there，full of fear. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。 Ⅱ.副词 一、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“－ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义大不相同，应加以分辨。 close接近(指距离)—closely仔细地，密切地 free免费—freely自由地，自如地 deep深—deeply深刻地，深入地，深深地 hard努力—hardly几乎不 wide宽阔—widely广泛地 high高—highly高度地 late晚，迟—lately近来 near邻近—nearly几乎 most最—mostly主要地，绝大多数地 firm稳固地—firmly坚固地 Deep in thought，he didn’t notice me. 陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。 He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。 二、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 Obviously，your answer is absolutely wrong. 很显然，你的答案绝对错了。 Naturally，you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 自然，你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 三、can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。 You can not be careful enough/too careful to study. 在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。 —Mary，look，what did I find? ——玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？ —Oh，my lost key？I can’t thank you too much.(＝I can’t thank you much enough.) ——噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。 Ⅲ.形容词和副词比较级的用法 一、平级比较 句型 典句示例 用as...as...；not as/so...as...；the same as...；such...as...引导 Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)． ＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)． ＝Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is)． He has as many as 2,000 books. Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. His name is the same as his father’s(name)． It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 句型 典句示例 as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词，但表示强调 The building is as tall as 100 meters. ＝The building is 100 meters tall. The well is as deep as 130 meters. ＝The well is 130 meters deep.
The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 句型 典句示例 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语 英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语，它们是：as long as只要；as far as远至，到……程度；as soon as一……就……；as well as既……又……；as good as(＝very nearly)与……几乎一样，几乎，简直 I will work as(so)long as I live. As far as I know，he is a reliable person. He has experience as well as knowledge. He as good as called me a coward. 二、比较级 句型 典句示例 “比较级＋than”表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况 You look much younger than I do.
She doesn’t work harder than you(do)． less than...意为“少于……”。 It cost Tom less than five dollars. not less than...意为“不少于……，至少……”。 He is not less than 80 years old. no less than...意为“多达……，有……之多”，表示数量之多。 No less than a thousand people came. no less...than...意为“同……一样……”。 English is no less important than maths. not less...than...意为“在……方面不亚于……”。 English is not less important than maths. 句型 典句示例 more than...意为“非常”“很”；“多于……；不止；不只是……”。 She is more than selfish.(more than 表示“非常”，多与形容词连用) more...than...意为“与其说……，不如说……”。 She is more thoughtless than stupid. not more than...意为“不超过……，不多于……”。 I have not more than ten books in my bag. no more than...意为“仅仅，不过，只不过”，强调数量少。 I have no more than ten books in my bag. not more...than...意为“不比……更……”。 Tom isn’t more clever than Jim. no more...than...意为“和……一样不……”。 Tom is no more clever than Jim. 句型 典句示例 “比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”。 As summer is coming，the day is becoming longer and longer. “the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”意为“越……就越……”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. “the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. “not＋比较级＋than”表示“不像……那样”；“不如……”。 She is not more generous than her younger sister. “no＋比较级＋than”表示“和……一样不”(否定二者)。 This book is no more interesting than that one. 用介词by表示相差的程度。 She is taller than I by three inches. ＝She is three inches taller than I． I missed the last train by one minute 特别提醒：比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等。 The students study even harder than before. A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
三、使用比较级应注意的问题 1．比较的范围 如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。 China is larger than any other country /any of the other countries in Asia.(包含在比较的范围内)中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa.(不包含在比较的范围内)中国比非洲任何国家都大。 2．比较的对象要一致 相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较 The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that) The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这里的气候比上海的温暖。 The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory. 我们工厂生产的收音机比你们厂的好。 China has a larger population than any other country in the world.中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家都多。 3．注意比较结构中的省略现象 由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较对象往往省略 —What do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样？ —I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film)我从未看过比这部更好的电影。 Tom’s composition，if not better(后边省略了than Jack’s)，is at least as good as Jack’s.汤姆的作文，如果不比杰克的好，也至少和他的作文一样好。 4．下列情况用to不用than： be prior to早于，较重要于 be superior to优于，高于 be inferior to次于 be senior to年长于，地位高于 be junior to地位低于，比……年纪小 The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己的数学比约翰的强。 These apples are inferior in flavour to those. 这些苹果的味道不如那些。 He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。
Ⅳ.形容词、副词最高级的用法 1．most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。 This is a most interesting story. 这是一个很有趣的故事。 2．最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。 Of all the students，Jack’s oral English is almost the best. 在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。 3．否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。 4．主语＋否定式谓语(含not或never)＋比较级。 It can’t be worse.(＝It’s the worst thing I’ve ever known.) 这是我知道的最糟糕的事情。 5．No other＋单数名词/No one/None/Nobody＋比较级＋than...。 No other student in the class is taller than he. 他是班里最高的同学。
Ⅴ.表示倍数的句型 1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B 2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B 3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B 4．A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B 5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 如：他的收入是她的三倍。 He earns twice more than her. He earns three times as much as her. He earns three times the money that she does. The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns three times what she does. The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. ＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
Ⅵ.有些连词也可以作副词，但作副词时，常放在句末如：though，(ever)since，in case等。如： She promised to phone.I heard nothing，though. ＝Though she promised to phone，I heard nothing. 她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。 He is old.He works hard，though. ＝Though he is old，he works hard. 他虽然年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since. ＝He has been working in this school since he came here in 1988. 1988年他来到了这个学校。自那时起，他一直在这里工作。 I don’t think it will rain，but I will take my umbrella，just in case. ＝I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain. 我想不会下雨，但我要把我的伞带上，以防万一。
谢谢观看！ 第三讲
形容词和副词 Ⅰ.形容词 一、形容词作前置定语 形容词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词前，当几个形容词与其他限定词共同修饰一个名词时，一般按照以下顺序排列： 限定词(these，those...)＋数量形容词(three)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk)。 记准下面的口诀： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。
all，both，such等 冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词 品质、特性等 大小、长短、高低 形态、形状 年龄、新旧、颜色 the pretty
little oldest his new grey all the blue ten strong black such a pretty long red the third round brown both the tall old 形容词和副词含义丰富，高考对形容词和副词的考查形式也越来越灵活。对形容词的考查主要集中在形容词辨析、形容词比较级和最高级的运用、形容词的排序问题、形容词的倍数表达法、形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。对于副词的考查重点仍然是集中在副词辨析、副词比较级和最高级的运用以及副词作状语等。
