2024高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题训练：专题11 定语从句（原卷版）
2024年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍
专题11 定语从句
考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
题型一
关系代词引导的定语从句
Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to ________ you are travelling.
【提分秘籍】
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer.
过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。
②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed.
我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的书我都已经读过了。
注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。
There is something that/which keeps worrying me.
有一件事一直令我不安。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。
This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。
5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。
Our football team won the final, which made us excited.
我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。
题型
关系副词引导的定语从句
Greg decided to take some of my songs that I had recorded to a local radio station, ________ he explained about my illness.
【提分秘籍】
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。
②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。
②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：
I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：
①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
②There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
题型
“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
． I'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, ________ I must say, I apologize.
【提分秘籍】
掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：
1关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：
①This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：
①The house in which we live is very large.
＝The house (which/that) we live in is very large.
我们住的房子很大。
②This is the man from whom I learned the news.
＝This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.
就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。
注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：
My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding.
我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。
3关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
(2)根据先行词来确定。如：
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)
4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：
①Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
②He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
5“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
6“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
＝The poor man has no house to live in.
＝The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
题型as引导的定语从句
Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film ________ is bad for their mental development.
【提分秘籍】
1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。
①They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.
他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)
②These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
③This is the same knife as I lost.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
注意：such...as...与such...that...的区别
such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
①This is such a difficult problem as all of us can't work out.
这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。
从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。
②This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work it out.
这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。
从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：
①As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.
小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
②Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
③There was a bank around here as I remember.
我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。
④He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
(2)意义不同
as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well known＝as is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：
①He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
②Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法不同
①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：
He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)．
他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。
②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。
1.【2024·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose
B. why
C. where
D. which
2.【2024·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
.【2024·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
.【2024·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom
B. which
C. what
D. that
1．(2024·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.
2．(2024·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.
3．(2024·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
4．(2024·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
5．(2024·四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
6．(2024·安徽卷)The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
7．(2024·陕西卷)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
8．(2024·天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________uses it differently.
9．(2024·山东卷)A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
