2024届高考英语一轮复习夯实训练：Unit 5《Rhythm》（北师大版含解析）

　　2024高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit 5夯实训练含答案

　　高考题型提能练(五)　Unit 5

　　Yangshuo，China

　　It was raining lightly when I

　　1

　　(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours

　　2

　　，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with

　　3

　　(it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.

　　I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River

　　4

　　are pictured by artists in so many Chinese

　　5

　　(painting)．Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away

　　6

　　car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.

　　Yangshuo

　　7

　　(be) really beautiful.A study of travelers

　　8

　　(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it

　　9

　　(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people

　　10

　　(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　【语篇导读】　桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。作者讲述了从香港去阳朔旅游时的所见。

　　1．arrived　[考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。]

　　2．before/earlier　[考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。]

　　3．its　[考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。]

　　4．that/ which　[考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。]

　　5．paintings　[考查名词的复数。“so many＋复数名词”为一常用短语。]

　　6．by　[考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。]

　　7．is　[考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。]

　　8．conducted　[考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted by...意为“由……所做的”。]

　　9．regularly　[考查副词的用法。该词修饰谓语动词arrange，故要用其副词形式。]

　　10．living　[考查现在分词短语作后置定语的用法。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。]

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　AAny diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.

　　Don't have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.

　　Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (摄入)．

　　People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier.

　　Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。

　　1．The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DON'T include ________.

　　A．they think their trouble comes from their weight

　　B．they have a strict parent

　　C．other people's praise when they lose some weight

　　D．there is something they can't control except food intake

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，A、C、D三项均是人们减肥的原因。B项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选B。

　　2．The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to ________.

　　A．a fat free diet

　　B．a special diet

　　C．eating too much

　　D．eating too little

　　答案：D　指代判断题。根据画线短语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选D。

　　3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．A person needs about 800 calories each day.

　　B．A person who doesn't eat bread is unhealthy.

　　C．An improper diet may cause eating disorder.

　　D．Fat takes up the most part of calories inside body.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故B项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，D项表述错误。故答案选C。

　　4．According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should

　　________.

　　A．avoid eating some food that can lead to being fat

　　B．control their eating amount and times

　　C．have a healthy and balanced diet

　　D．throw up some of what they eat

　　答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选C。

　　B

　　(2024·银川一中模拟)As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand these lights. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safer. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well.

　　Less than ten years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower (流星雨). The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic. If I did that today, I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well. Due to the increase in street lights, I would surely be run over by a car.

　　Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution. If you've ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity. The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide.

　　One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky; a total waste of electricity.

　　Additionally, somewhere electricity needs to be produced, and the production of electricity creates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.

　　Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.

　　Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contributions to light pollution.

　　1.It is implied in Paragraph

　　3 that the best way to deal with light pollution is ________.

　　A.reducing the output of the lights

　　B.avoiding the use of unnecessary lighting

　　C.educating people about light pollution

　　D.inventing environmentally­friendly lights

　　2.Which of the following is the effect of light pollution?

　　A.Many animals species have died out.

　　B.More traffic accidents happen every day.

　　C.The air we breathe may be polluted.

　　D.It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers.

　　3.What can be inferred from the text?

　　A.We are almost at a loss about how to deal with light pollution.

　　B.Global warming results in light pollution in some way.

　　C.Astronauts can't see clearly in space nowadays.

　　D.Some animals use natural light to direct their movements.

　　4.What will probably be provided following the last paragraph?

　　A.Helpful tips for surfing the Internet.

　　B.Approaches to decreasing light pollution.

　　C.Benefits of searching on Google.

　　D.More bad effects of light pollution.

　　1．解析：选B　推理判断题根据第三段第二句中“but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity”可知所有的照明都会浪费电因此为了减少光污染我们在不需要照明的时候就不应该使用故选B解析：选C　细节理解题根据第五段最后一句可知光污染影响我们赖以生存的空气影响我们的生活质量故C项正确根据第六段第二句中“Thousands of birds die each year”可知A项错误；B项在文中没有提到；根据第二段倒数第二句可知D项错误解析：选D　推理判断题根据倒数第二段第三句“It has been long known ... towards the sea.”可推知小海龟在爬向海滩时误将人造光源当成了自然光源从而迷失了方向由此可推知一些动物是靠自然光源来指引其方向的故D项正确解析：选B　推理判断题根据最后一段最后一句可知接下来作者会列举一些有助于减少光污染的方法故选BC

　　In the United States alone，over 100 million cell­phones are thrown away each year.Cell­phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

　　Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so­called e­waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

　　Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

　　Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell­phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

　　The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.

　　In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

　　Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?

　　From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.

　　文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。

　　1．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.

　　A．the weight of e­goods is rather small

　　B．e­waste deserves to be made good use of

　　C．natural minerals contain more precious metals

　　D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e­waste

　　答案：B　推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。

　　．The responsibility of e­waste treatment should be extended________.

　　A．from producers to governments

　　B．from governments to producers

　　C．from individuals to distributors

　　D．from distributors to governments

　　答案：B　细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。

　　3．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．The increase in e­waste.

　　B．The creation of e­waste.

　　C．The seriousness of e­waste.

　　D．The management of e­waste.

　　答案：D　主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为D。

　　Ⅱ.任务型阅读

　　(2024·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)

　　How to Take Notes in Class

　　As you progress from high school to college and into graduate school, you'll find that your lectures can get much more complex. Sometimes it's not easy taking notes that make sense the next day. 1.________

　　Date your notes.

　　In a perfect world, lecture notes from a single class are kept in a single, dedicated notebook in the correct sequence. But this is the real world! There will be times when you go to biology class (for example), and realize that you've brought the history notebook by accident.