考前30天之备战2024高考英语精品学案：专题一 单项选择 第一节单项选择解题方法突破 课堂导学案

　　专题一 单项选择

　　【课堂导学案】

　　在做单项择题时,我们常常遇到一些命题者利用一些看起来似乎熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配而制造的陷阱题目。这样的题目往往会使学生自以为有准确无误的答案,却不能做对。为了能使同学们在解题过程中巧识陷阱，准确做题,特把命题者常设陷阱类型归纳总结如下：

　　一、 定势思维,硬套规则

　　思维定式是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。如果运用得当，它可以帮助学生将题目考查的内容与以前所学的知识联系起来，在较短的时间内对问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理、归纳，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导学生掉入命题者所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。

　　【典题赏析】

　　【例1】—Do you like coffee or milk?

　　—Both. But I prefer coffee

　　milk.

　　A. to

　　B. for

　　C. with

　　D. from

　　【解析】C

　　学生以为是考查prefer A to B结构，实际上是 “但是我更偏爱加牛奶的咖啡”。

　　【例2】Which do you enjoy

　　your weekend, swimming or fishing?

　　A. spending

　　B. to spend

　　C. spend

　　D. being spending

　　【解析】B 学生以为是考查 enjoy doing sth.结构,其实仔细看which作的就是enjoy的宾语, to spend不是作宾语而是作目的状语。

　　【例3】The pollution is getting worse and worse. We must stop pollution

　　a better life.

　　A. to live

　　B. from living

　　C. living

　　D. live

　　【解析】A但易误B，认为是stop… (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其实不是“阻止污染不过上幸福的生活”，而是“为了过上幸福的生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的状语。

　　【例4】I'm sorry I can't help

　　the floor of the classroom.

　　A. sweeping

　　B. swept

　　C. to sweep

　　D. to sweeping

　　【解析】C经验认为cant help doing,但此处表示“不能帮忙打扫教室”。

　　【例5】The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to

　　by others.

　　A. be noticed

　　B. being noticed

　　C. having been noticed

　　D. have been noticed

　　【解析】A经验认为prefer doing sth. to doing sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿意做某事”。此处应为她打扮的目的是为了引起别人的注意。

　　1. The student has won two such gold medals,

　　second to none in the last two competitions,

　　all of his classmates adore and determine to learn from.

　　A. the; that

　　B. /; as

　　C. a; for

　　D. /; because

　　2. Jessie, the cooking chicken

　　nice and inviting. Whom did you learn to cook chickens from in the past?

　　A. smelt

　　B. are smelt

　　C. smelling

　　D. smells

　　3. Do you think it is

　　abroad years ago that actually made him win this business competition nationwide?

　　A. due to being educated

　　B. he was educated

　　C. his being educated

　　D. which he was educated

　　4. —Will you be

　　this evening, Mary?

　　—That depends. I am afraid I will be with my manager together discussing a plan.

　　A. convenient

　　B. suitable

　　C. available

　　D. efficient

　　5. The law requires governments to increase investment in public transport, which is now in poor condition,

　　services and encourage people to use public transport.

　　A. improve

　　B. to improve

　　C. improving

　　D. having improved

　　二、 插入语及定语从句

　　有时一个本来很简单的句子，在其中置入一个插入成分或定语从句，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个看来属“非正常”的位置，则很可能给同学们的理解带来困难,进而导致题目做错。

　　【例1】Look! There are many people over there. What do you think

　　？

　　A. to happen

　　B. happening

　　C. has happened

　　D. is happened

　　【解析】C由于不太清楚do you think 为插入语和要填的答案为谓语动词,易误B或者A。

　　【例2】The letter I had long been looking forward to

　　to me yesterday.

　　A. coming

　　B. came

　　C. had come

　　D. comes

　　【解析】B由于不清楚I had long been looking forward to为定语从句,缺少的是整个句子的谓语动词而非looking forward to的宾语,易误 A。

　　【例3】The person we spoke to

　　no answer at first.

　　A. make

　　B. making

　　C. makes

　　D. made

　　【解析】D可以看出we spoke to是一个定语从句，将其去掉后，我们就会发现整个句子缺少的是一个谓语动词。故本题选D。

　　【例4】The place

　　the bridge is supposed to be built should be

　　the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.

　　A. which; where

　　B. at which; which

　　C. at which; where

　　D. which; in which

　　【解析】C本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与built构成at the place, 故 C。

　　【例5】—Why does she always ask you for help?

　　—There is no one else

　　, is there?

　　A. who to turn to

　　B. she can turn to

　　C. for whom to turn

　　D. for her to turn

　　【解析】B通过分析句子结构可以判断，空格处为定语从句修饰先行词no one else，省略了关系代词whom。 B项正好符合此要求。

　　1. It was not who is right but what is right, we all think, that

　　. Which of the following is NOT right?

　　A. counts

　　B. matters

　　C. accounts

　　D. is of importance

　　2. Livemocha. com is a free site

　　visitors can not just learn various languages but also chat online.

　　A. where

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　3. Mr Wang, who is said to have immigrated to the USA,

　　at No.1 Middle School in our city for twenty years.

　　A. has been teaching

　　B. was teaching

　　C. taught

　　D. have taught

　　4. And there, almost

　　in

　　the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

　　A. having lost

　　B. lost

　　C. to be lost

　　D. losing

　　5. Smoking, which may be

　　pleasure for some people, is

　　serious source of discomfort for their fellows.

　　A. /; a

　　B. a; a

　　C. a; /

　　D. a; the

　　三. 母语干扰,汉语思维

　　学外语最容易受母语干扰，由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。

　　【例1】—I'm feeling a bit cold.

　　—To have some hot soup will

　　.

　　A. feel warm

　　B. change

　　C. help

　　D. be worked

　　【解析】C由于受母语干扰,“喝点热汤会暖和的”，很容易A。若A，该题可以变化为：Have some hot soup, and you will

　　.

　　【例2】Please come to see me often if

　　.

　　A. youre convenient

　　B. it is convenient for you

　　C. you feel convenient

　　D. it is convenient with you

　　【解析】B但易误A或C。因为汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for/to you。

　　【例3】I did as much as I could

　　the crying girl, but in vain.

　　A. comforted

　　B. to comfort

　　C. comfort

　　D. comfort

　　【解析】B但易D，总以为情态动词could后要接动词原形。其实，这里的情态动词could后已省略了一个动词原形do了，后面应用动词不定式表示目的。

　　【例4】Every one should work hard

　　the people.

　　A. serve

　　B. serve for

　　C. to serve

　　D. to serve for

　　【解析】C不定式表示目的，serve 是及物动词。

　　【例5】—Waiter!

　　—

　　—I can't eat this. It's too salty.

　　A. Yes, sir?

　　B. What?

　　C. All right?

　　D. Pardon?

　　【解析】A根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。All right?和Pardon?显然不符合语境。What?从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是Yes, sir?而且要用升调来表示疑问。故 A 是最佳答案。

　　1. —Do you really mean to prepare your lecture two months in advance?

　　—Sure. Anyway,

　　.

　　A. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

　　B. a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit

　　C. a good beginning is half done

　　D. the early bird catches the worm

　　2. —Shall I give you a hand with this as you are so busy now?

　　—Thank you.

　　.

　　A. Of course you can

　　B. If you like

　　C. It's up to you

　　D. It couldn't be better

　　3. —It is more expensive to live in the city than to live in the country, do you think so?

　　—I can't agree more.

　　.

　　A. Two heads are better than one

　　B. Great minds think alike

　　C. A still tongue makes a wise head

　　D. Out of sight, out of mind

　　4. Well, that's just the deal.

　　price will be out of my reach.

　　A. The higher

　　B. A highest

　　C. The highest

　　D. A higher

　　5. —Did you go Dutch after that meal, I mean, with the other five friends?

　　—.

　　A. Yes, they did

　　B. Yes, they paid for the meal

　　C. No, they didn't

　　D. No, because it was my treat that day

　　四、 语序倒装

　　英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分＋谓语部分”，但命题者往往利用倒装这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装结构，慧眼识别命题者的目的所在。

　　【例1】Never

　　time come back again.

　　A. will lose

　　B. will lost

　　C. will be

　　losing

　　D. will to lose

　　【解析】B如果将这个句子改为陈述句后，我们便可以很容易地看出其结构为：Lost time will never come back again.由于命题时将句子改写成倒装句，题目便具很大的迷惑性。

　　【例2】

　　he come, what

　　you say to him?

　　A. Should； would

　　B. When； would

　　C. If； will

　　D. Were to； did

　　【解析】A但易误B或者C。若B或者C,主句和从句的时态就会矛盾了。根据前面谓语的形式，后面要用虚拟语气才对。这里的if被省略，将should提前。

　　1. —So hard

　　in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.

　　—I can see that, only a few mistakes

　　in this exam.

　　A. has he worked; did he make

　　B. he has worked; he made

　　C. he has worked; has he made

　　D. has he worked; he made

　　2. Only when he returned from the exchange program

　　how much he enjoyed it.

　　A. he realized

　　B. he had realized

　　C. did he realize

　　D. had he realized

　　3. Only

　　do the job and only in this way

　　do the job well.

　　A. can you; can youB. you can; can you

　　C. you can; you canD. can you; you can

　　4. So nice

　　to hear from her.

　　, we last met more than thirty years ago.

　　A. it is； Whats more

　　B. does it； I say

　　C. was it； Or rather

　　D. is it； Believe it or not

　　5. —How was the 2008 Beijing Olympic opening ceremony?

　　— that the whole world was attracted.

　　A. It was very fantastic

　　B. Such fantastic was it

　　C. So fantastic was it

　　D. So fantastic it was

　　五、 省略句

　　省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类题目，可恢复被省略的成分，使句子的结构变得明朗，进而择合适的答案。

　　【例1】—What made her mother so angry?

　　—

　　the exam.

　　A. Because she didn't pass

　　B. Her not passing

　　C. She didn't pass

　　D. Because her not passing

　　【解析】B将答语部分补全应为：

　　the exam made her mother so angry. 可以看出少了一个主语，而能用作主语的是答案B，是一个动名词的复合结构。

　　【例2】The car, although

　　for more than seven years, is now in good condition.

　　A. has used

　　B. being used

　　C. used

　　D. has been used

　　【解析】C这道题学生很容易D,它省略了it has been。

　　1. —You won't go to Mary's wedding party, will you?

　　—Yes,

　　invited to.

　　A. even if

　　B. if

　　C. unless

　　D. though

　　2. What disappointed me was not what he said but

　　he said it.

　　A. the way

　　B. in the way that

　　C. in the way

　　D. the way which