2024届高考英语二轮精品课件：第1部分 语法填空 专题1 有提示词类试题
答案及剖析: 1.surprised 考查派生词的用法。根据句意可知,此处应该填形容词surprised,表示“吃 惊的”。 2.which 考查关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,填关系代词which。 3.really 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处在定语从句中作状语,修饰动词,因此填副词really。 4.children 考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填复数形式children。 5.a 考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处指“一个电话”,应填不定冠词a。 6.had been sent 考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,宾语从句缺少谓语动词,根据语境用过去完成时的被动语态形式,所以填had been sent。 7.of 考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填of,构成介词短语because of。 8.to help 考查非谓语动词的用法。decide to do sth.意思是“决定做某事”。 9.drawn 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成with的复合结构,draw与宾语her name,a smile card and a big smile之间表示被动关系,所以填过去分词drawn。 10.when 考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处引导状语从句,表示“当……时候”,因此用when。
Passage 2 (2024山西高考考前质量检测三)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was starting my own business,I always asked those successful businessmen either offline 1. online about their experiences.The best advice I ever got was similar to this statement:You are 2. (respond) for your own experience.
Soon I realized that this is true for everything in life.
In my opinion,one of the mistakes that we make as 3. (human) is to look up to someone as our “role model”.4. the concept of “role model” is good,what it can potentially lead to can be dangerous.We always try to convince 5. (we) that if we copy their success stories then we will be naturally end 6. with the same success.This isn’t true at all.It’s their experience that made them what they are.You can’t repeat that.Once I 7. (open) a firm to make electronic devices,and I regarded Bill Gates as my role model.I had thought that years later I would be as successful as him.But the result was just contrary to my 8. (expect),and I failed.As time went on,I realized that different persons have different strong points,abilities and capabilities.So stop 9. (try) to copy others’ experiences,but build your own.Enjoy what life throws at you and make the 10. (well) out of it. 答案及剖析: 1.or 考查连词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填连词or,构成either...or...结构。 2.responsible 考查派生词的用法。分析句子成分可知,此处作表语,应该填形容词responsible。 3.humans 考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式humans。 4.Though/Although 考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个连词,根据语境填连词Though/Although。 5.ourselves 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填反身代词ourselves。 6.up 考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填副词up,构成短语end up with。 7.opened 考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去 时,所以填opened。 8.expectation 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的名词形式expectation。 9.trying 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填动词-ing形式,构成短语stop doing sth,意思是“停止做某事”。 10.best 考查最高级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的最高级形式best,构成短语make the best of,表示“尽量利用”。 Passage 3 (2024唐山三模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Carson:Luki,1. did you find Cambridge when you first arrived? Luki:Well,I like it here.I think the city is very beautiful. Carson:What about your living place? Luki:At first I 2. (stay) with a family for three months.They were very kind
to me 3. they had three young children and they were making noise every
day.I found 4. difficult to study,so after three months I moved out and
now I live with two other students in a student house.It’s much 5. (ch
eap) and we like it there. Carson:Good.Then,6. language difficulties,how have you found the course? Luki:Well,7. main difficulty is to get time on the computers in the computer
room.They are always busy and this makes it very hard for me 8. (do) my
practical work.It would 9. (possible) help if we could reserve computer
time,I think. Carson:Yes.I’ll look into that and see if something can be done to improve
10. (thing) over there.Or we may need to buy more computers. 答案及剖析: 1.how 考查疑问副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填疑问副词how。How do you find...?意思是“你认为……怎么样?”。 2.stayed 考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去时,所以填stayed。 3.but 考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个并列连词,上下文之间表示转折关系,因此填连词but。 4.it 考查代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处填代词it,在句中作形式宾语。 5.cheaper 考查比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式cheaper。 6.besides 考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填介词besides,表示“除了”。 7.the 考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示特指,需要填定冠词the。 8.to do 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成动词不定式复合结构,在句中作真正的宾语。 9.possibly 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处修饰动词,在句中作状语,应填提示词的副词形式possibly。 10.things 考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式things,表示“情况”。 Passage 4
(2024太原三模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marie:Hi,Helen! It’s good to see you again. Helen:Yes,it’s been quite a while,Marie.And you look 1. (differ) from the last time I saw
you. Marie:Yeah,ever since I got married I 2. (put) on weight.My husband’s a good cook. Helen:But don’t blame your husband’s good cooking.You need to start exercising again. Marie:I know I should.But after I come home from work,I’m too tired to exercise.And I don’t have
any place 3. (take) any exercise anyway. Helen:Have you thought about joining 4. excellent health club? Marie:I have.But it’s expensive and I just don’t have the time. Helen:I’m a member of Spa Fitness and you’d be surprised how 5. (expensive) a year’s
membership is and most of the 6. (member) are just “normal” people who take exercise
for about an hour just three times a week. Marie:7. (sound) reasonable.I mean,you look strong and handsome enough. Helen:Well,to tell the truth,I haven’t always looked like this! After I turned 30,I couldn’t fit
into my favourite jeans any more.I was feeling fat.I didn’t have any energy. Marie:That’s how I feel.I mean,exercise sounds like something 8. would make me feel more
tired. Helen:That’s what most people think about exercise.The funny thing is,once you take 9. a
regular exercise programme,you start feeling much 10. (good) immediately. 答案及剖析: 1.different 考查派生词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填提示词的形容词形式,在句中作表语,所以填different。 2.have put/have been putting 考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据时间状语ever since I got married及语境用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 3.to take 考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词。根据语境在句中作定语,填动词不定式。 4.an 考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填不定冠词an。 5.inexpensive 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填形容词,表示“廉价的”,所以填提示词的反义词inexpensive。 6.members 考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式members。 7.Sounds 考查谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,本句为省略句,省略了主语it,所以填谓语动词sounds。 8.that 考查关系代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词something,从句中缺少主语,所以填关系代词that。 9.up 考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填副词up,构成短语take up,意思是“参加”。 10.better 考查比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式better。 提示:①动词-ing形式作定语还可以表示它所修饰的名词的用途,二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如: This passage can be used as listening materials. 这篇文章可以被用作听力材料。 ②动词-ing形式的完成式一般不用来作定语。 【变式训练】 单句改错 1.This method,calls seeding,has been very helpful to farmers,and it
made him win much fame.
2.If we get the chance to hosting the British students,I will act
as a guide and show them around the city.
3.The boy lived next door is a college student.
答案及剖析: 1.calls→called 根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,由于动词call与所修饰的名词this method之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表被动,所以用过去分词。 2.hosting→host 根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,“做某事的机会”应该用chance to do sth.。 3.lived→living 根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,由于所修饰的名词the boy与动词live之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,表主动,所以用动词-ing形式。 三、动词不定式作定语时其主动式与被动式的区别
当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时,动词不定式既可用主动式,也可用被动式,但其含义有所不同。试比较: Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(send 的动作执行者是“你”,即“你”是to send动作的逻辑主语,并且send与anything构成逻辑上的动宾关系。这时动词不定式作定语用主动形式表达被动含义。) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? [send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,不是“你”,即“你”(句子的主语)不是send这一动作的逻辑主语,这时要用动词不定式的被动式。] 【变式训练】 完成句子 1.—Boss,do you have any letters ?
——老板,你还有信要打出来吗?
—No,thanks.
——没了,谢谢。 2.—Would you like to go out for a walk?
——你想出去散步吗?
—Sorry,but I have .
——对不起,我有一些重要的事情要处理。
答案:1.to be typed 2.something important to deal with 考点三 派生词
在有提示词的试题中,有一类是考查派生词。这类试题主要根据所填词在句中所作的成分确定词类,结合语境确定答案。 1.作主语或在及物动词、介词、冠词、形容词、物主代词等词类后考虑用
名词形式(有时也可能用动词-ing形式)。如果所给单词是其他词类,就
要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。 【典例1】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:ability 根据前面的物主代词their可知,此处应该填名词,所以填ability。 【典例2】 His friend advised him to write down the useful (express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary. 答案及剖析:expressions 根据语境可知,所填词在句中作write down的宾语,应该填提示词的名词形式,根据them可知用复数形式。 【典例3】 The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady (grow) of bigger languages. 答案及剖析:growth 空格处作because of的宾语,后面是作定语的介词短语,可以确定应该填提示词的名词形式growth。 【典例4】 He is one of the (science) who support this theory. 答案及剖析:scientists 空格处前面为冠词the,后面是who引导的定语从句,可以确定应该填名词,根据“one of+复数名词”结构可知,用表示人的复数名词scientists。 【典例5】 If everybody realizes the (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution,the problem will be solved. 答案及剖析:importance 分析句子成分可知,此处作动词realizes的宾 语,应该填提示词的名词形式importance。 【典例6】 Tourism should also advance the wealth and . (happy) of local inhabitants. 答案及剖析:happiness 分析句子成分可知,此处与wealth一起作动词advance的宾语,应该填一个名词。 【典例7】 Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his (strong)and get ready for a day’s work. 答案及剖析:strength 根据语境可知,此处作 bring back的宾语,应该填提示词的名词形式strength。 名师在线 (1)根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语、
宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示
词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。 (2)根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。
名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。
常见的限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、形容词性物主代词(my,your等)、
名词所有格(Mary’s,John’s等)、不定代词(one,some,any,each,
many,all,both,another,other等)、疑问词(whose,what,which等)等。 (3)填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。 特别提示
作主语或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时一般用名词或动词-ing形式。如果所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式,如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动词-ing形式。 (1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting.
动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动词-ing形式attending。 (2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse.
动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动词-ing形式arriving。 (3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late.
动词come没有名词形式,所以用动词-ing形式coming。 (4)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate).
I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech. 2.名词前、系动词后一般用形容词。 【典例1】 As (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:natural 根据语境可知,此处位于介词As和名词architects之间,需要填一个形容词作定语,所以填natural。 【典例2】 There are more and more cars and buses on the roads, and they give off (poison) gases. 答案及剖析:poisonous 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词gases,应该填提示词的形容词形式poisonous。 【典例3】 I cannot control my body well.My legs become . (pain).(2024辽宁) 答案及剖析:painful 根据语境可知,此处在句中作表语,填提示词的形容词形式painful。 【典例4】 I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden,a huge,(hair) creature jumped out in front of my car,opened the car door,carried me on his shoulders,... 答案及剖析:hairy 根据语境可知,此处与huge一起作定语修饰名词creature,因此填提示词的形容词形式hairy,意思是“多毛的”。 【典例5】 And we had a (love) dinner,one of your favorites,green cabbage,soup and fresh salad. 答案及剖析:lovely 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词dinner,应该填提示词的形容词形式lovely。 【典例6】 Oh,we give everyone a list of (suit) clothes and all the things to bring. 答案及剖析:suitable 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词clothes,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例7】 When we need help,we might not know how to ask for help.It is not (please) to have an experience like that. 答案及剖析:pleasant 根据前面的系动词be可知,此处在句中作表语,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例8】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:disappointed 根据语境可知,此处和形容词anxious一起在句中作表语,表示“失望的”,修饰人,因此填提示词的形容词形式disappointed。 名师在线 名词前设空,此空所需词多数情况下是作定语的,因此应该考虑该词的形容词形式,这就要求考生牢记一些构成形容词的常见后缀,如-ful,-ous,-al, -y,-ly,-tive,-able,-less等。 3.动词前后、形容词前后可能填副词。 【典例1】 The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2024湖北,29改编) 答案及剖析:gradually 分析句子结构可知,此处需用提示词的副词形式修饰动词get。 【典例2】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:slowly 分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,应该用副词。 【典例3】 But she simply sits beside a big silver plate,pouring cups of tea for everyone and (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches. 答案及剖析:skillfully 此处修饰作状语的动词-ing形式短语,所以要使用提示词的副词形式。 【典例4】 Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.(2024新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:suddenly 根据语境可知,此处在句中作状语,修饰系动词became,因此应该填提示词的副词形式。 【典例5】 About 20 minutes later,Lizzie managed to
. (succeed) pull herself and Nancy out of the water and onto a bit of high land. 答案及剖析:successfully 此处用所给动词的副词形式作状语,修饰动词pull。 【典例6】 The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:actually 此处修饰动词,在句中作状语,应该用提示词的副词形式。 名师在线 所填单词作状语时,考虑副词。副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活,可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后,因此如果动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词,首先考虑副词形式。因此考生需要注意由形容词变为副词的规则,最常见的是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,要变y为i,再加-ly。 4.主语后或动词不定式标志to后通常填动词。 【典例1】 It costs a lot of money if we plan to (pure) the waste water. 答案及剖析:purify 根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,在句中作动词plan的宾语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式purify。 【典例2】 And you should take up a little weight training to
(strength) your muscles or perhaps try cycling to improve your heart blood flow. 答案及剖析:strengthen 根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式strengthen。 【典例3】 Try your best to (memory) these new words. 答案及剖析:memorize 根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式memorize。 【典例4】 You can (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day. 答案及剖析:enlarge 根据语境可知,此处与情态动词一起作谓语动词,后接宾语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式enlarge。 5.有时考查提示词的反义词。
【典例1】 Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the office. 答案及剖析:unnecessary 在名词work前作定语,仍用形容词形式。但根据句意可知,错误引起不必要的麻烦,所以填所给形容词的反义词unnecessary。 【典例2】 It’s (possible) to complete the project in such a short time. 答案及剖析:impossible 此处需要填形容词作表语,根据语境用所给形容词的反义词impossible。 【典例3】 (fortunately),I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return. 答案及剖析:Unfortunately 根据句意,这里指“不幸的是”,所以填提示词的反义词unfortunately。 名师在线
括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换。词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系在词根前加un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-,dis-,non-等,在词根后加-less等。 特别提示
and,or,but等为并列连词,它们前后的词的形式应该是一致的,因此做语法填空题时可根据这一特点来答题,如singing and laughing,walk or run,better but cheaper等都是并列结构。
考点四 比较等级
提示词为形容词或副词时,常考查比较级或最高级形式。 【典例1】 Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:cleaner 由than和句意可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式cleaner。 【典例2】 Speaking of all the songs he has written I think probably this is the (well-known) one. 答案及剖析:best-known 根据句意及句中“of all the songs”可知,此处应该填所给形容词的最高级形式。 名师在线
判断和解答有关比较等级的题要注意以下几点: (1)as...as之间要用原级; (2)如果两者之间有than,或者没有than但上下文暗含了比较的意味时,要用比较级; (3)注意 “less/least+原级” 这样的降级比较; (4)如果是三者或三者以上进行比较或者有in,of等介词短语表示比较范围,要用最高级; (5)比较级前可以有even,much,far,a great deal,a lot,a bit,a little等词语修饰。 (6)最高级前可以有the second,the very,much the,(by) far the等词语修饰。 特别提示
考生要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式,如:well/good→better→best;bad/badly→worse→worst;far→farther /further→farthest/furthest。 考点五 名词复数、代词变形、序数词等 语法填空题有时考查名词复数、代词变形、序数词等。 【典例1】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:paintings 考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处前有many修饰,应填提示词的复数形式。 【典例2】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析: changes 考查名词复数形式。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填句子的主语,根据主谓一致的原则,此处填提示词的复数形式。 【典例3】 A few hours before/earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.(2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:its 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填物主代词its。 【典例4】 Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear! It’s (I)”. 答案及剖析:me/mine 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填人称代词me指代丢手提箱的人,也可以用名词性物主代词mine指代my suitcase(我的手提箱)。 【典例5】 With that,Thomas Jefferson,the (three) president of the US,turned his horse around and went away. 答案及剖析:third 考查序数词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示“第三”,填提示词的序数词形式。 体验真题 Passage 1 (2024新课标全国Ⅰ) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangshuo,China
