12月资讯热词汇总

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12月资讯热词汇总

12月,中央八项规定出台五周年,中纪委推出主题表情包。北京城管部门开展“亮出天际线”行动,违规广告牌被拆。《反间谍法实施细则》发布,习近平主席强调国家大数据战略,我国放宽中医诊所开办标准,生态环境损害赔偿制度明年起全国实施。我国研发的全世界最大的水陆两栖飞机“鲲龙”AG600成功首飞,国内首个自动驾驶车辆道路测试实施细则在北京发布。

八项规定表情包 a set of animated gifs on the eight-point frugality code

The CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) released a set of animated gifs on the eight-point frugality code to mark the fifth anniversary of the code's release on Sunday.

中央八项规定实施五周年之际,中纪委于12月3日发布了以八项规定为主题的一组动图表情包。

The gifs are intended to explain the code to the public in a way catering to popular taste, and close the distance between the people and the authority, said CCDI in a statement.

中纪委在一份声明中表示,这些动图旨在用大众喜闻乐见的方式宣传八项规定,拉近大众与纪检监察机关的距离。

2024年12月4日,中共中央政治局召开会议,审议并通过了中央政治局关于改进工作作风、密切联系群众的八项规定(eight-point code to cut bureaucracy and maintain close ties with the people)。八项规定的主要内容包括:改进调查研究、精简会议活动(reduce meetings and celebratory events)、精简文件简报(reduce issuance of documents and briefings)、规范出访活动、改进警卫工作,改进资讯报道(media coverage)、严格文稿发表(publication under an individual's name)以及厉行节约(practice frugality)。

天际线 skyline

The Beijing city management authority is limiting the number and placement of signs on buildings in order to "create an urban skyline that is visually clear and bright", and strengthen urban management.

北京城管部门正在开展限制建筑物广告牌匾的数量和投放的治理行动,以“打造亮丽城市天际线”,并加强城市管理。

Skyline在英文中的解释是“the outline of a group of buildings or a mountain range seen against the sky(建筑群或者山脉在天空映衬下展现出来的轮廓景观)”,中文通常称之为“天际线”,这也是城市景观(urban landscape)的重要组成部分。

2024年9月出台的《北京市牌匾标识设置管理规范(修订版)》明确规定,楼顶禁止设置牌匾、标识、广告等,已有的也要进行清理拆除(all signs and billboards attached to roofs must be removed),核心城区、长安街沿线、二三四环沿线是重点。

红船精神 Red Boat Spirit

General Secretary Xi Jinping's instructions on carrying forward revolutionary spirit such as that embodied in "Red Boat Spirit" should be implemented earnestly amid the Party's efforts to strive toward fulfilling the goals set at the 19th CPC National Congress, said Wang Huning, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, on Monday.

中共中央政治局常委王沪宁4日强调,要认真贯彻习近平总书记关于弘扬"红船精神"等革命精神的重要指示,为实现党的十九大提出的任务不懈努力。

弘扬"红船精神(Red Boat Spirit)"座谈会4日在浙江嘉兴召开。中共中央政治局常委、中央书记处书记王沪宁出席会议并讲话。他表示,习近平总书记提出并阐释了"红船精神"的深刻内涵和时代价值(mention the idea of Red Boat Spirit and elaborate on its meaning and value),并在瞻仰南湖红船时强调要结合时代特点大力弘扬"红船精神"。

王沪宁表示,"红船精神"是中国革命精神之源(the origin of China's revolutionary spirit),昭示着中国共产党人的初心(it reflects the original aspirations of the CPC members)。它所承载的首创精神、奋斗精神、奉献精神,是激励我们党顽强奋斗、不断发展壮大的精神动力(a symbol of creativity, hard work and devotion, it is the spiritual power that encourages the Party to keep working hard and developing),是我们党立党兴党、执政兴国的宝贵精神财富(valuable spiritual wealth),也是新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的坚强精神支撑(the strong spiritual support for the Party to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics)。要深化对"红船精神"等革命精神的学习宣传,加强理论研究阐释(enhance theoretical research and elaboration),加大宣传力度,开展形式多样的教育实践,引导人们积极投身新时代中国特色社会主义伟大实践(engage in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era)。

1921年7月30日晚,在上海召开的中共一大(the first CPC National Congress)因遭到法租界(French concession area)巡捕袭扰,被迫转移到嘉兴南湖(Nanhu Lake)的一条小船上继续进行,在这里完成了大会议程,宣告中国共产党成立(the founding of the Party),中国的历史开启了全新的篇章。

反间谍法 Counterespionage Law

On Wednesday, the State Council issued a document for the implementation of China's Counterespionage Law.

国务院6日发布《反间谍法实施细则》。

《反间谍法》于2024年11月颁布实施,是我国为了防范对国家安全的威胁(guard against perceived threats to national security)而实施的一部法律。根据这部法律,国家安全机关在执行反间谍任务(carry out counterespionage duties)时拥有广泛权力,包括可以调查任何涉嫌间谍行为的个人或组织(investigate any individual or organization suspected of espionage),冻结或没收任何与间谍行为有关的财物(freeze or seize any property linked to acts of espionage)。

国务院6日发布了该法律的实施细则(detailed rules for the implementation of the law)。根据细则,被认为入境后可能进行危害国家安全活动(be likely to engage in activities that might endanger national security)的境外个人,国家安全机关可以决定其在一定时期内不得入境。对涉嫌间谍行为的人员(individuals suspected of espionage),国家安全机关可以决定其在一定期限内不得出境。对违反反间谍法(violate the counter-espionage law)的境外个人,国家安全机关可以决定将其驱逐出境。

根据细则,国家安全机关依法执行反间谍工作任务时,对发现身份不明、有危害国家安全行为的嫌疑人员,可以检查其随带物品(check the personal belongings)。需严厉对待的行为定义也扩大了,例如利用宗教或邪教危害国家安全(use religion or cults to harm national security)。捏造、歪曲事实(fabricate or distort facts),发表、散布危害国家安全的信息(issue information that harms China's national security)的境内外组织、个人要受到惩罚。

国家大数据战略 national big data strategy

Implementing the national big data strategy to better serve social and economic development and improve people's lives should be accelerated, President Xi Jinping said at a key meeting. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the remark at a collective study session of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau on Friday.

中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平12月8日主持中共中央政治局集体学习时强调,要推动实施国家大数据战略,更好服务我国经济社会发展和人民生活改善。

大数据(big data)指规模巨大且复杂,用现有的数据处理工具(on-hand database management tools)难以获取(capture)、整理( curate)、管理( manage)以及处理(process)的数据信息统称。大数据的特点可以总结为4V:volume(大量)、velocity(高速)、variety(多变)、veracity(准确)。

习近平在讲话时指出:

我们要瞄准世界科技前沿,集中优势资源突破大数据核心技术,加快构建自主可控的大数据产业链、价值链和生态系统。

We should target cutting-edge technology and mobilize prime resources to make breakthroughs in developing core big data technology, and accelerate building an independent and controllable industrial chain, value chain and eco-system of big data.

建设现代化经济体系离不开大数据发展和应用。

Research on and use of big data is indispensable in building a modern economy.

推动互联网、大数据、人工智能同实体经济深度融合,继续做好信息化和工业化深度融合这篇大文章。

The internet, big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the real economy should be interconnected. Industrialization and the use of information should be integrated deeper.

要运用大数据促进保障和改善民生。

Better use big data to guarantee and improve people's wellbeing

推进“互联网+教育”、“互联网+医疗”、“互联网+文化”等,不断提升公共服务均等化、普惠化、便捷化水平。

The advancement of "Internet plus education," "Internet plus medical treatment" and "Internet plus culture" to further ensure citizens' equitable access to public services.

要加强精准扶贫、生态环境领域的大数据运用。

Big data should be used extensively in implementing targeted poverty reduction and environmental protection

强化国家关键数据资源保护能力,加快法规制度建设,完善数据产权保护制度。

Strengthen the ability to protect the nation's crucial data resources, speed up relevant legislation, and improve protection of data property rights.

要加大对技术专利、数字版权、数字内容产品及个人隐私等的保护力度,维护广大人民群众利益、社会稳定、国家安全。

Protection of technical patents, digital copyrights and individual privacy should be enhanced to safeguard people's interests, social stability and national security.

善于获取数据、分析数据、运用数据,是领导干部做好工作的基本功。

The ability to obtain, analyze and use data is the basic skill for leading officials to perform their duty.

中医诊所 TCM clinics

China has relaxed standards for setting up traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, according to documents released by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Monday.

国家中医药管理局11日发布文件,我国将放宽开设中医诊所的标准。

此次印发的诊所标准分为两类:一类是在中医药理论指导下,运用中药(traditional Chinese medicine)和针灸(acupuncture)、拔罐(cupping)、推拿(massage)等非药物疗法开展诊疗服务,以及中药调剂(TCM prescription)、汤剂(TCM herbal soup)煎煮等中药药事服务的诊所,中医药治疗率达100%。该类诊所采用备案制管理,适用《中医诊所基本标准》。另一类是提供中西两法服务和不符合 《中医诊所备案管理暂行办法》规定的服务范围或者存在不可控的医疗安全风险的中医(综合)诊所(combination of TCM and western medicine),适用《中医(综合)诊所基本标准》。

根据《中医诊所基本标准》,设置传统纯中医诊所,需要至少有1名满足相应要求的执业医师(qualified practioner);开展中药饮片调剂活动的,至少有1名具备资质的中药技术人员(technical personnel of TCM)。新标准不再对中药房饮片品种(types of prepared herbal medicine)、诊室面积(consulting room area)等设定具体数字门槛,但增加了感染控制(infection control)的内容,要求诊所制定感染控制制度和流程,中医药技术操作符合中医医疗技术相关性感染预防与控制等有关规定。

根据《中医(综合)诊所基本标准》,中医(综合)诊所仍应以提供中医药门诊诊断和治疗为主(prioritize TCM),中医药治疗率不低于85%。并设置诊所建筑面积不少于40平方米(the clinic should cover a total of more than 40 square meters )、卫生技术人员人均面积不少于10平方米(provide at least 10 square meters per practitioner on average)、每室(含中药存放、调剂区)不少于10平方米等具体条件。

3D打印 3D printing

The government expects the 3D printing industry to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 30 percent in the coming years and its revenue to top 20 billion yuan (around $3 billion) in 2024, according to guidelines released Wednesday by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and 11 other agencies.

工业和信息化部等12部门联合制定的行动计划提出,到2024年,我国3D打印产业年销售收入超过200亿元,年均增速在30%以上。

“3D打印”(3D printing)的专业名称为增材制造(additive manufacturing,AM),是以数字模型为基础,将材料逐层堆积制造出实体物品的新兴制造技术(a new technology that adds material together to create a real object)。增材制造产业是先进制造业(advanced manufacuring)的重要组成部分。

计划提出,到2024年开展100个以上试点示范项目(more than 100 pilot programs),推动增材制造在10个重点制造业领域(10 key manufacturing sectors)的示范应用,加快培育一批创新能力突出、特色鲜明的示范企业和产业集聚区,推动增材制造在航空、航天、船舶、汽车、医疗、文化、教育等领域实现规模化应用。关键核心技术达到国际同步发展水平(homegrown core technology will reach international levels),培育2-3家以上具有较强国际竞争力的龙头企业( foster two or three domestic firms able to take on global rivals with their products recognized in overseas markets),在部分领域实现规模化应用,国际发展能力明显提升。

生态环境损害赔偿 ecological and environmental damage compensation

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅近日印发了《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》,自2024年1月1日起,在全国试行生态环境损害赔偿制度。

By 2024, China aims to establish an efficient comprehensive damage compensation system to protect and improve the country's ecosystem.

到2024年,力争在全国范围内构建保障有力、修复有效的生态环境损害赔偿制度。

该方案中所称生态环境损害(ecological and environmental damage),是指因污染环境、破坏生态(environmental pollution and ecological damage)造成大气、地表水、地下水、土壤、森林等环境要素和植物、动物、微生物等生物要素的不利改变(unfavorable changes of environmental elements such as air, surface water, underground water, soil and forest, as well as biological elements such as plants, animals and microbes),以及上述要素构成的生态系统功能退化(functional deterioration of ecosystem)。

方案规定,违反法律法规,造成生态环境损害的单位或个人(individuals or companies that cause environmental damage),应当承担生态环境损害赔偿责任,做到应赔尽赔;生态环境损害无法修复的(if the damages are beyond restoration),实施货币赔偿(monetary compensation),用于替代修复。省级、市地级政府可指定相关部门或机构负责生态环境损害赔偿具体工作(the process will be managed by institutions designated by provincial or municipal governments)。跨省域的生态环境损害(trans-provincial ecological damage),由生态环境损害地的相关省级政府协商开展生态环境损害赔偿工作。

自动驾驶车辆 autonomous vehicle

China's first guideline on road tests of autonomous vehicles was released on Monday by local authorities in Beijing, signaling the country's determination to accelerate the development of the technology.

北京市交通管理部门18日发布了国内首个自动驾驶车辆道路测试实施细则,表明了我国加速发展自动驾驶汽车技术的决心。

“自动驾驶车辆”(autonomous vehicle/self-driving vehicle),又称无人驾驶汽车或电脑驾驶汽车,是通过电脑系统操控实现无人驾驶的智能汽车。自动驾驶汽车依靠人工智能(artificial intelligence)、视觉计算(visual computing)、雷达(radar)、监控装置(monitoring devices)和全球定位系统(GPS)协同合作,让电脑可以在没有任何人类主动的操作下,自动安全地操作机动车辆。

细则规定,在中国境内注册的独立法人单位(independent entities registered in China),可申请自动驾驶车辆临时上路行驶。自动驾驶车辆须具备自动、人工两种驾驶模式(self-driving and conventional driving modes),可在两种模式间随时切换。为保证安全,测试车辆在上路测试前,必须在自动驾驶封闭测试场进行过不少于规定里程与规定测试环境的测试(finish tests with certain mileage at the designated training ground),测试结果经专家评审认定,具备条件才允许上路测试。