初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析（三）
-【名师讲解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独使用时表示思考， 接that 宾语从句时意为认为，觉得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是考虑。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示认为， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容词都表示大，但侧重点及程度不同。
(1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或长大了，还可表示伟大，重要之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；常用于抽象
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有伟大，大得令人吃惊等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花钱，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主语是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格高，而cheap 与low涉及到价格低。
(1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到价格高，货贵时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
注意：cheap表示价廉，便宜的，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示价格时，含义是高，low在表示价格时，含义是低，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：
(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是孤单的；寂寞的。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是单独；独自，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后讲，切不要按字面译为长时间以前或好久以前。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前讲。原意为以前很久，故也可译为老早。long before 跟before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是连词，意思是当的时候，一面一面，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号这部电影时，教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when当的时候（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；那时（等立连词，前有逗号分开）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。
(3)while是当时候；和同时（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是动词，意思是连续地打; 打败; 敲打。beat后可接人或队名。意思是击败对手。如：
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是赢得某个项目，后面常接match, game。如：
He won a game. 他胜一局。
We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
(3)hit意思是击中（有时可表示打一下）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或持续某种状态。如：
The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 表示总不断做某事，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。
11. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有看的意思，要注意他们的区别。
see意为看到，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调看到的结果。
look意为看，表示有意识地观看，强调看的动作。
watch意为观看，注视，指以较大的注意力观看。
notice意为看到，注意到，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：
What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？
Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！
Hes watched TV for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有个钱包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物动词，意思是射中，射死，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为向射击，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：
The man shot five birds in the forest．那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。
The hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击了。
They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作逃跑、逃脱或逃避讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：
The old man escaped death．那个老人死里逃生。
The thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱了。
(2)run away作逃跑、跑走讲时，往往强调动作。如：
Don't let him run away． 别让他跑了。
口语中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。
如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
-【名师讲解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独使用时表示思考， 接that 宾语从句时意为认为，觉得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是考虑。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示认为， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容词都表示大，但侧重点及程度不同。
(1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或长大了，还可表示伟大，重要之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；常用于抽象
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有伟大，大得令人吃惊等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花钱，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主语是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格高，而cheap 与low涉及到价格低。
(1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到价格高，货贵时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
注意：cheap表示价廉，便宜的，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示价格时，含义是高，low在表示价格时，含义是低，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：
(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是孤单的；寂寞的。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是单独；独自，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后讲，切不要按字面译为长时间以前或好久以前。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前讲。原意为以前很久，故也可译为老早。long before 跟before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是连词，意思是当的时候，一面一面，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号这部电影时，教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when当的时候（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；那时（等立连词，前有逗号分开）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。
(3)while是当时候；和同时（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是动词，意思是连续地打; 打败; 敲打。beat后可接人或队名。意思是击败对手。如：
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是赢得某个项目，后面常接match, game。如：
He won a game. 他胜一局。
We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
(3)hit意思是击中（有时可表示打一下）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或持续某种状态。如：
The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 表示总不断做某事，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。
11. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有看的意思，要注意他们的区别。
see意为看到，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调看到的结果。
look意为看，表示有意识地观看，强调看的动作。
watch意为观看，注视，指以较大的注意力观看。
notice意为看到，注意到，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：
What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？
Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！
Hes watched TV for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有个钱包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物动词，意思是射中，射死，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为向射击，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：
The man shot five birds in the forest．那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。
The hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击了。
They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作逃跑、逃脱或逃避讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：
The old man escaped death．那个老人死里逃生。
The thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱了。
(2)run away作逃跑、跑走讲时，往往强调动作。如：
Don't let him run away． 别让他跑了。
口语中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。
如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
